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The Pew Grant Program in Course Redesign: Download PDF version of Application Guidelines
Detailed Instructions for Final Proposal Preparation Overview Background
Planning Methodology
Grant Application Process
Program Support and Dissemination Center for Academic Transformation The Pew Grant Program in Course Redesign is a three-year, $6 million program conducted by the Center for Academic Transformation at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute with support from the Pew Charitable Trusts. The purpose of the program is to support the efforts of colleges and universities to redesign their instructional approaches using technology to achieve cost savings as well as quality enhancements. During the life of the project, the program expects to award between 30-35 grants--approximately 10 awards per year--with an average award of $200,000. The grant program is one part of a larger three-part initiative under the leadership of Dr. Carol A. Twigg, executive director of the Center for Academic Transformation. Background A major problem that continues to confront higher education is that of rising costs. With the average cost of attendance consuming a substantial portion of the median family income, for many Americans what is at stake is nothing less than the continued viability of the American dream. The stakes are high for higher education as well. Caught in a closing vise between new demands for enrollment and declining rates of revenue growth, colleges and universities must figure out a way to do more with less. Recognizing that tuition increases can no longer be used as a safety valve to avoid dealing with the underlying issues of why costs increase so much, campuses have begun the hard work of cost containment. But after sharpening priorities, sometimes making tough choices in light of those priorities, and asking everyone--administrators and faculty alike--to work harder, campuses are still groping for ways to wrestle costs under control. At the same time, colleges and universities are discovering exciting new ways of using technology to enhance the process of teaching and learning and to extend access to higher education to new populations of students. For most institutions, however, new technologies represent a black hole of additional expense as students, parents, and faculty alike demand access to each new generation of equipment and software. Most campuses have bolted on new technologies to a fixed plant, a fixed faculty, and a fixed notion of classroom instruction. Under these circumstances, technology becomes part of the problem rather than part of the solution of cost containment. By and large, colleges and universities have not yet begun to grab hold of technology's promise to reduce the costs of instruction. Containing costs--and making use of new technologies to help contain costs--requires a fundamental shift in thinking. It requires one to challenge the fundamental assumption of the current instructional model: that faculty members meeting with groups of students at regularly scheduled times and places is the only way to achieve effective student learning. Rather than focus on how to provide more effective and efficient teaching, colleges and universities must focus on how to produce more effective and efficient student learning. Faculty are only one of many resources that are important to student learning. Once learning becomes the central focus, the important question is how best to use all available resources--including faculty time and technology--to achieve certain learning objectives. Rather than asking faculty to work harder, we need to enable them to work smarter. Program Focus: Large-Enrollment, Introductory Courses In order to have maximum impact and achieve the highest possible return on the Trust’s investment, redesign efforts supported by the grant program will focus on a limited number of academic areas, specifically large introductory courses with high enrollments. Studies have shown that undergraduate enrollments are concentrated in relatively few academic areas. At the community college level, about 50 percent of student enrollment is concentrated in just 25 courses. Those same 25 courses generate about 35 percent of enrollment at the baccalaureate level. In addition to having an impact on large numbers of students, there are other advantages of such a focus. First, large introductory courses are good prospects for technology-enhanced redesign because they have a more or less standardized curriculum, outcomes that can be easily delineated, and content over which faculty are less possessive. Second, by targeting those courses, what is widely regarded as a prime area of ineffective teaching--the large lecture course--will be improved. While recognizing the limitations of the lecture method, many continue to organize courses in this way because they believe that it represents the most cost-effective way to deal with large numbers of students. The program will demonstrate that alter-natives that improve quality and are less costly than lecture-based strategies are possible. Third, those courses serve as foundation studies for future majors. Successful learning experiences in them will influence students to persist in key disciplines like the sciences. Finally, because those courses are feeders to other disciplines, success in them will help students make the transition to more advanced study. Other Targets of Opportunity While focusing the grant program on large-enrollment, introductory courses has the clear advantage of maximizing its impact, such a focus excludes other creative approaches to addressing the cost question using technology. For example, small institutions may see the benefit of forming consortia to offer joint degree programs via technology; states may see the opportunity to develop alternate routes to teacher certification using technology-mediated delivery methods. The program is committed to identifying other targets of opportunity as well. During its four-year period, the program will conduct ongoing conversations with the higher education community, getting feedback about the applicability of the planning and development methodology to other arenas and assessing the transferability of the models produced by the program to other settings. Multiple Models The grant program seeks to create multiple models that show how colleges and universities can redesign their instructional approaches using technology to achieve cost savings as well as quality enhancements. To counter the belief that only one kind of institution (such as Rensselaer) can do this with one kind of model (such as the studio course), the program will demonstrate that there are many ways to accomplish this goal. It will show that courses in multiple disciplines can be successfully redesigned to counter the belief that only a restricted subset of disciplines (such as science courses) are candidates for redesign. The program will create a substantial body of data and experience, reflecting 30 distinct but related projects, and a coherent planning process that can be shared with and utilized by the higher education community. Sustaining Innovation Another goal of the program is to show how ongoing investments in technology-based redesign can be supported based on a return-on-investment strategy. The program recognizes that in order to be sustained, changes in instructional practice must be affordable by institutions and integrated into their base funding practices. A wealth of experience shows that attempts to add on innovations with external support, and without internal structural change--especially commitment of resources in the institution’s core budget--have been almost totally unsuccessful. When the grant funding runs out, the innovation ends. The most surefire way to tell whether an innovation is for real or is artificial is to look at its funding. Unless an innovation is paid for directly by those who stand to benefit from it, its chances to flourish are dubious at best. The goal of the program is to create a planning methodology to enable higher education institutions to fund their own future development in this arena rather than relying on external sources. This methodology can be used by individual institutions to support ongoing innovation. It can also be used by systems of higher education and by states as a mechanism to fund future investments in instructional technology. Eligibility Criteria Institutions of higher education in the United States are eligible to apply. Companies are not eligible to apply, but institutions of higher education are encouraged to partner with companies--such as instructional software producers, publishers, course management system producers, and instructional technology outsourcers--where appropriate to their redesign projects. Institutions may receive more than one grant if the proposal is competitive and meets the eligibility and selection criteria. The Pilot Year During its first year, the program was in a pilot stage. Representatives from 20 institutions who exhibited a high degree of readiness to participate in the program met twice to help refine the program’s premises and processes as well as its plans for subsequent years. Ten of those institutions are undertaking redesign projects that began in fall 1999. With the help of the pilot group, guidelines have been prepared for participation in the 2000 and 2001 grant cycles when the program is open to all institutions of higher education. The pilot group also helped establish a community of practice to serve as exemplars for future redesign efforts. Case studies of the pilot institutions’ projects are available on the program’s Web site. PLANNING METHODOLOGY It is possible to redesign learning environments to enhance learning by adhering to sound pedagogical principles and to reduce costs by transferring some of the tasks performed by instructional personnel to technology-assisted activities. The program employs a comprehensive planning methodology that can be taught to many kinds of institutions. This planning methodology involves three interrelated activities: 1. Planning to Enhance Learning The goal of course redesign is to improve student learning. By adhering to sound pedagogical principles, one can create viable alternatives to traditional formats. For this task, faculty are the key players in collaboration with information technology (IT) staff and administrators. 2. Planning to Reduce Costs In order to finance technology investments and to generate savings that can be used in other ways, one must analyze the cost of traditional methods of instruction as well as new methods of instruction utilizing technology. For this task, administrators are essential in collaboration with IT staff and faculty. 3. Planning to Assess the Results Did students learn as well or better than in traditional formats? Were institutions able to demonstrate cost savings as a result of the redesign? Success involves assessing both impact and improvement. For this task, assessment experts are needed in collaboration with faculty, IT staff and administrators. 1. Planning to Enhance Learning There is a substantial body of knowledge about both the limitations of the predominant form of collegiate instruction--the didactic lecture--and the advantages of certain pedagogical principles that result in increased student learning. A lot is also known about the role of information technology in supporting those principles of good pedagogical design, what works, and what does not work. If instructors merely add on technology to ineffective instructional methods--if they simply technologize the lecture method--there will be no improvement in student learning. Good pedagogical practice enhanced by technology supports shifts in the nature of the teaching-learning enterprise, making it more active and learner centered. Technology can be deployed to optimize sound pedagogy by making it more consistent, by providing additional practice or examples, and by making more instruction available on-demand. Technology can provide tools to support teaching and learning as well as tools that replace, augment, or extend the ability to identify, collect, organize, integrate, and generate knowledge. Technology can also support pedagogical models and approaches that change in kind the nature of the teaching-learning enterprise. In effect, the new approaches and mechanisms stand as a new paradigm for student learning. Planning to enhance learning should lead to a redesigned instructional process that achieves improved learning outcomes. Such high-quality learning environments should exhibit the following characteristics.
2. Planning to Reduce Costs How can information technology be used to reduce costs and increase academic productivity? Many experts on the subject have pointed out that moving away from our current credit-for-contact mode of instruction is fundamental. Some approaches employ a greater reliance on asynchronous, self-paced learning modes while others take place in a traditional, synchronous classroom setting but with reduced student/faculty contact hours. Both rely on shifting faculty time-on-task to the technology or lessening the labor-intensive quality of instruction. In each case, they are designed to transfer the locus of activity from the faculty to the student: the focus is on student problem solving and projects rather than on presentation of materials. There are, of course, a variety of ways to redesign courses to reduce costs. One approach is where student enrollments stay the same but the instructional resources devoted to the course (course expenditures) are reduced. Another approach is to increase enrollments with little or no change in expenditures. A third way is to reduce the number of course repetitions required to pass a particular course. In many community colleges, for example, it takes an average of 2.5 enrollments to pass introductory mathematics courses. This means that the institution and the student must spend 2.5 times what it would cost to pass the course on the first try. In each case, a translation of the savings to cost-per-student can be used for comparative purposes. Financial planning to reduce costs involves the following steps.
This planning model compares the before costs (the traditional course format) and the after costs (a forecast of what the redesigned course will cost when it is fully operational). It does not include the development costs associated with converting the course since those costs can be paid for from one-time allocations, such as grants from foundations, federal agencies, or the institution, and/or they can be amortized over any number of years. The model encourages institutions to plan to reduce ongoing operating expenses at the end of the development period. Applicants to the program are required to complete a course planning tool. A full description of how to complete the planning tool, including definitions and assumptions, as well as illustrations from multiple institutions are available on the program's web site. 3. Planning to Assess the Results It is important from the outset to emphasize the particular role that assessment is intended to play in each project’s overall design. The program rests on the premise that it is possible to achieve greater learning productivity through technology-based approaches, so the requirement is strong to look specifically at the benefit side of this implied cost/benefit gain. Information about what institutions have actually done and what good it is doing is critical to the success of the program. At the same time, it is important to note that this is an action program, not an assessment program. It is all too possible to get caught up in the mentality of measuring everything that moves without thinking through what would really be useful or generalizable. When planning for assessment, one must distinguish between impact—finding out whether the ultimate goals of an alternative method (better learning at lower cost or the like) were accomplished—and implementation—finding out whether the institution actually did what it said it was going to do. In any innovation/action research project, both are important. To assess implementation, pay attention to questions of how things are acted out in the course of a project. Those can be assessed using simple questionnaires that include questions such as: Were resources and people in place as planned that might have gotten in the way of impact, including equipment, support, training, and orientation? What were the specific glitches that occurred and what might their impact have been? Did the process of teaching and learning change in the view of participants? Did faculty report different ways of teaching and if so, what were the differences? More important, did students report changes in how they approached the material, studied, and spent time on task? To assess impact, it is important to be clear about what the grant program is after conceptually. The real premise of the program—and that which ought to be assessed—is not just learning but learning productivity. This conceptual framing of the program’s dependent variable has several important implications. First, the perspective of analysis is by definition consciously comparative of the innovation(s) against an established baseline of current practice. This implies collecting data on learning and costs in both innovative and comparable standard practice settings, such as comparing outcomes directly for a technology-enhanced course with those of a course delivered in the usual way. Second, the variables used in the comparison to define impact need to include both learning outcomes and later behavior--things like retention rates, course completion rates, and the like--as the latter can significantly impact the learning productivity equation even if learning outcomes are equivalent. Applicants to the program are required to develop an assessment plan that describes how they will assess both impact and implementation. Examples of assessment plans from multiple institutions are available on this Web site. GRANT APPLICATION PROCESS Each round of the grant program employs a three-stage application process. The first stage identifies those institutions that are ready to engage in large-scale redesign. The second stage selects 20 institutions from among a group of 40 that identify specific courses that are ready for large-scale redesign. The third stage selects 10 institutions to receive redesign grants. Each stage has a specific deadline for submission of materials. Stage 1: Establishing Campus Readiness The level of interest and enthusiasm in higher education for infusing information technology into the teaching and learning process is notable. It is clear, however, that certain institutions more than others have progressed farther along the learning curve about what is required to do so successfully. Because of their prior investments and experiences, those institutions are, in essence, more ready to engage in large-scale redesign efforts that achieve the program’s goals. Campuses that wish to propose a redesign project must assess and demonstrate their readiness to do so. The program has established a set of institutional readiness criteria that are used to prequalify prospective applicants. To be considered for an institutional grant, the first step is for the campus provost to send a brief narrative addressing each of the institutional readiness criteria listed on this page as they apply to the institution, focusing on evidence that demonstrates the way in which it meets each criteria. Please send five paper copies of your statement to Pat Bartscherer, Program Manager, 17 Cramer Path, Gansevort, NY 12831 and one electronic copy to bartp@rpi.edu. Institutional readiness statements should be single-spaced and a maximium of eight pages with no attachments (including letters) of any kind. Please describe the relevant content of any cited Web sites in addition to providing links. Electronic versions must be in Microsoft Word format. Please name the file INSTITUTIONNAME_IRC. Outcome: Forty institutions from among those that submit an institutional readiness statement will be invited to move to the next stage of the application process by attending a January workshop. This workshop will give participants an overview of the redesign process with emphasis on pedagogical design, planning for cost savings, and assessing results. Three persons from each institution will be invited to participate: the chief academic officer (or designee), the chief technology officer (or designee), and an academic at the program level (faculty member or dean) of the institution’s choosing. Institutional Readiness Criteria Please select "example" to see how the pilot-year group of institutions responded to the criteria.
Stage 2: Identifying the Course Just as some institutions are more ready than others to engage in large-scale redesign, some courses more than others are more ready to be the focus of that redesign effort. Because of prior experiences with technology-mediated teaching and learning, and because of numerous attitudinal factors, some faculty members are more ready to engage in large-scale redesign efforts to achieve the program’s goals. They have, in essence, a head start on the process. The program has established a set of course readiness criteria that are used to move prospective applicants to the next stage. Institutions that participate in the January workshop will be asked to send a brief narrative addressing each of the course readiness criteria listed on this page as they apply to their institutions, focusing on evidence that demonstrates the way in which they meet each criteria. These documents should be sent electronically to Pat Bartscherer, Program Manager, bartp@rpi.edu. Outcome: Twenty institutions from among those that participate in the January workshop and that submit a course readiness statement will be invited to attend a March workshop to move to the next stage of the application process. Those invited to participate will make up the core team that will implement the project if funded. The focus of the workshop will be twofold: (1) institutional development plans and budgets for the redesign project, and (2) completion of the course redesign planning tool. The workshop will give participants an opportunity to share ideas and experiences, to obtain feedback from program staff, and to assess the quality of their proposals in relation to others. Course Readiness Criteria Please select "example" to see how the pilot-year group of institutions responded to the criteria.
Stage 3: Developing a Project Plan nstitutions that participate in the March workshop will be invited to submit a final proposal that follows the format described below. Those proposals should be sent electronically to Pat Bartscherer, Program Manager, bartp@rpi.edu. Abstract Write a one-page abstract that identifies the course redesign purposes, the proposed project activities and their intended outcomes. Proposal Narrative Write a narrative describing (1) the current course environment, (2) the learning goals and objectives for the redesigned environment, (3) a plan describing the specific activities required to design and implement the new learning environment and how the redesign will enable the institution to meet those learning goals and objectives, (4) your expectations for the project, (5) an assessment plan and, (6) a dissemination plan. Course Planning Tool Complete the course planning tool identifying the instructional tasks and associated costs in the current learning environment and the instructional tasks and associated costs in the redesigned learning environment. In addition, provide a brief narrative that explains the entries in the planning tool where necessary. Budget Page and Narrative Present a complete project budget. In addition, provide a budget narrative explaining (1) how the proposed budget will enable the institution to implement the project plan; (2) how the major cost items relate to the proposed activities; (3) the basis on which you estimated the costs of professional personnel, consultants, travel, indirect costs and any unusual project expenditures; and (4) a breakdown of institutional and other support for the project if applicable. Outcome: Final proposals will be examined by a program selection committee. Approximately 10 institutions from among those that participate in the March workshop and that submit a final proposal will be awarded a grant. Award decisions will be made by July 1 in order to enable campuses to begin development efforts in the summer. Selection Criteria Preliminary proposals at stages one and two will be judged on the basis of how well they meet the institutional and course readiness criteria. Final proposals will be judged on the basis of the criteria as well as on the quality of the project plan. In addition, preference will be given to the following types of projects:
PROGRAM SUPPORT AND DISSEMINATION The program supports communication and collaboration among grant recipients throughout the process of design, implementation, and evaluation. The results of the program will be disseminated through an active communications plan. Among the communications vehicles to be employed are: Workshops. In addition to the two workshops that assist institutions in preparing proposals, two additional workshops for grant recipients will be held in each round. The first will occur midway through the grant period to enable participants to share their experiences and to exchange ideas. The second will be held just prior to full implementation of the redesigned course to assess the results of pilot implementations and to exchange ideas. Part of the second workshop will also be devoted to discussions about dissemination within individual institutions, within relevant disciplines, and to the broader higher education community. Individualized assistance. Center staff and associates who have extensive experience with redesign will provide individualized assistance as prospective recipients prepare and implement proposals. Listserv. The program will establish a listserv for grant recipients to communicate and share ideas and experiences throughout the life of the projects. Web site. This Web site has been established to share progress of the program’s projects with the higher education community and the public. A condition of receiving a grant is the right of the program to share planning data in a sanitized form. Monographs. The program will produce an annual monograph that includes case studies describing the grant projects. The monographs will be produced in print and electronic formats and will be distributed to the higher education and other related communities. State-of-the-art briefings. The program will sponsor a series of state-of-the-art briefings to disseminate the results of the grant-making program. The briefings will enable administrators and faculty members as well as policy makers and others interested in this topic to learn firsthand how to redesign courses and programs from those who have done it. In those sessions, participants will have the opportunity to interact intensely with representatives from successful projects as well as with program staff and associates.
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